Academic CentreNatural anthocyanidin dyes (E163 (i)–(iii)) represent flavonoids that localize in the vacuole of cell in water and are found in berries, including their processed products. The most important representatives are cyanidins (E163a), delphinidins (E163b), malvidins (163c), pelargonidins (163d), peonidins (163e) and petunidins (163f). In recent years, flavonoid glycosides (anthocyanins) have gained increased attention due to their valuable functionally active properties. The most important anthocyanins, such as those contained by blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), are cyanidin-3-glycoside, delphinidin-3-glycoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-rutinoside. The most optimal dye extraction conditions and methodology for qualitative composition control have been found on the basis of the existing research findings.
- Preparation of the obtained samples and extraction
- Performing chemical analyses using the required methods
- Comparison of the obtained results with the average indicators
- Preparation of results
Sample preparation in accordance with "Anthocyanin antioxidants from edible fruits", L. S. Einbond, K. A. Reynertson, Xiao-DongLuo, M. J. Basile, E. J. Kennelly, Food Chemistry 84 (2004) 23–28.
Chromatographic analyses made in accordance with the methodology: 57th JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) (2001), published in the FNP 52, Annex 9 (2001); and the publication sources: "A rapid validated UHPLC–PDA method for anthocyanins quantification from Euterpe oleracea fruits", A. L. S. Dias, E. Rozet, G. Chataigné, A. C. Oliveira, C. A. S. Rabelo, Ph. Hubert, H. Rogez, J. Quetin-Leclercq; Journal of Chromatography B. 907 (2012) 108–116; and "Anthocyanin in fruits of Vaccinium oxycoccus (small cranberry)" Øyvind M. Andersen, J. Food Sci., 52 (1989), pp. 665–669.
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph Acquity UPLC H-Class with ultraviolet diode array detector and thermostatically controlled automatic sample delivery system.
| Compound | CAS Nr. | Compound | CAS Nr. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanidin | 528-58-5 | Cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride | 7084-24-4 |
| Delphinidin | 528-53-0 | Cyanidin 3-arabinoside | 111613-04-8 |
| Malvidin | 643-84-5 | Cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride | 18719-76-1 |
| Peonidin | 134-01-0 | Cyanidin 3-galactoside chloride | 27661-36-5 |
| Petunidin | 1429-30-7 | Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride | 6906-38-3 |
| Pelargonidin | 134-04-3 | Delphinidin 3-rutinoside chloride | 15674-58-5 |
| Pelargonidin 3-glucoside chloride | 18466-51-8 | ||
| Malvidin 3-glucoside chloride | 7228-78-6 |